Archives 2023

STANDARD SIZE OF BASKET BALL COART

Basketball courts come in many different sizes. In the National Basketball Association (NBA), the court is 94 by 50 feet (28.7 by 15.2 m). Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules, the court is slightly smaller, measuring 28 by 15 meters (91.9 by 49.2 ft). In amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely. Many older high school gyms were 84 feet (26 m) or even 74 feet (23 m) in length. The baskets are always 3.05 meters (10.0 ft) above the floor (except possibly in youth competition

Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets. A basket made from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from within this line, or with a player’s foot touching the line, is worth 2 points. The free-throw line, where one stands while taking a foul shot, is located within the three-point arc at 15 feet from the plane of the backboard. A foul shot is worth 1 point, but if a shot is made from the foul line while in play it is still worth 2 points.

WHAT IS A COMPUTER,FULL FORM OF COMPUTER,TYPES OF COMPUTER

WHAT IS A COMPUTER:-

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

The full form of Computer is:- 
C– Common
O-Operating
M-Machine
P-Purposely
U– Used for
T– Technological and
E-Educational
R-Research.
The term was coined in the mid-20th century when computers were first developed

Hardware vs. software:- 

Before we talk about different types of computers, let’s talk about two things all computers have in common: hardware and software.
Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer’s internal parts, which you can see in the image below.
Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors.
Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, right now you may be viewing this lesson in a web browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page. As you learn about different types of computers, ask yourself about the differences in their hardware. As you progress through this tutorial, you’ll see that different types of computers also often use different types of software.

What are the different types of computers?

When most people hear the word computer, they think of a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop. However, computers come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you’re using a type of computer.

Desktop computers


Many people use desktop computers at work, home, and school. Desktop computers are designed to be placed on a desk, and they’re typically made up of a few different parts, including the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Laptop computers


The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop computer, commonly called a laptop. Laptops are battery-powered computers that are more portable than desktops, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.

Tablet computers


Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld computers that are even more portable than laptops. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.

Servers


A server is a computer that serves up information to other computers on a network. For example, whenever you use the Internet, you’re looking at something that’s stored on a server. Many businesses also use local file servers to store and share files internally.

Other types of computers
Many of today’s electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don’t always think of them that way. Here are a few common examples.

Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often called smartphones.
Wearables: Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices—including fitness trackers and smartwatches—that are designed to be worn throughout the day. These devices are often called wearables for short.
Game consoles: A game console is a specialized type of computer that is used for playing video games on your TV.
TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you access various types of online content. For example, you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.

Role of Horizontal Bands , DESIGN OF LINTLE BEAM , INDIAN STANDARD

Role of Horizontal Bands :-
Horizontal bands are the most important earthquake-resistant feature in masonry buildings. The bands are provided to hold a masonry building as a single unit by tying all the walls together, and are similar to a closed belt provided around cardboard boxes. There are four types of bands in a typical masonry building, namely gable band, roof band, lintel band and plinth band , named after their location in the building. The lintel band is the most important of all, and needs to be provided in almost all buildings. The gable band is employed only in buildings with pitched or sloped roofs. In buildings with flat reinforced concrete or reinforced brick roofs, the roof band is not required, because the roof slab also plays the role of a band. However, in buildings with flat timber or CGI sheet roof, roof band needs to be provided. In buildings with pitched or sloped roof, the roof band is very important. Plinth bands are primarily used when there is concern about uneven settlement of foundation soil. The lintel band ties the walls together and creates a support for walls loaded along weak direction from walls loaded in strong direction. This band also reduces the unsupported height of the walls and thereby improves their stability in the weak direction. During the 1993 Latur earthquake (Central India), the intensity of shaking in Killari village was IX on MSK scale. Most masonry houses sustained partial or complete collapse . On the other hand, there was one masonry building in the village, which had a lintel band and it sustained the shaking very well with hardly any damage .

Design of Lintel Bands :- 

During earthquake shaking, the lintel band undergoes bending and pulling actions . To resist these actions, the construction of lintel band requires special attention. Bands can be made of wood (including bamboo splits) or of reinforced concrete (RC) (Figure 4); the RC bands are the best. The straight lengths of the band must be properly connected at the wall corners. This will allow the band to support walls loaded in their weak direction by walls loaded in their strong direction. Small lengths of wood spacers (in wooden bands) or steel links (in RC bands) are used to make the straight lengths of wood runners or steel bars act together. In wooden bands, proper nailing of straight lengths with spacers is important. Likewise, in RC bands, adequate anchoring of steel links with steel bars is necessary.

Indian Standards:-

The Indian Standards IS:4326-1993 and IS:13828 (1993) provide sizes and details of the bands. When wooden bands are used, the cross-section of runners is to be at least 75mm×38mm and of spacers at least 50mm×30mm. When RC bands are used, the minimum thickness is 75mm, and at least two bars of 8mm diameter are required, tied across with steel links of at least 6mm diameter at a spacing of 150 mm centers.

WHAT IS RCC BAND,SIL BAND,GABLE BAND,SLAB,LINTLE BAND,PLINTH BAND

RCC Bands:-  In load bearing structure (Masonry Building) are reinforced concrete runner provided in the walls to tie them together and to impart horizontal bending strength in them.
RCC bands  or reinforced concrete runner are the important horizontal member of load bearing structure which resists forces and ties wall together. They integrate masonry wall into the stronger unit. RCC bands in load bearing structure are also known as horizontal seismic bands. The dimension of the band and the inside reinforcement bars depends upon the length of the wall between the perpendicular cross walls. There are five types of band namely gable band, roof band, lintel band, sill band, and plinth band, named after their location in the building.


Gable Band :– is a horizontal member which is placed at the top of the ridge of the sloping slab to support the ends of the rafters and transferring loads to posts or gable end walls.
Roof Band :- is a load bearing member of a roof at roof level. Sometimes roof band is not required because the roof slab of load bearing wall masonry also plays the role of a band. Roof beams are generally provided in the building with flat timber or CGI sheet roof.
Lintel Band:-  is a horizontal member which is placed at the top of the opening like door and window to support the portion of the unsupported wall above it continuously throughout the length of wall. It is the most important band.
Sill Band:-  is a horizontal member which is place at the bottom of the opening to support the load of the window frame. It is discontinued at the door opening.
Plinth Band:-  is a horizontal member which is positioned at the plinth level to tie the wall at plinth level.

The Function of RCC Bands in Load Bearing Structure (Masonry Building):-

  1. Lintel Band:–  ties all the masonry walls together and create a support for adjoining masonry walls loaded along the weak direction from walls loaded in the strong direction.
    2. They also reduce the unsupported height of the walls, hence improves the stability of masonry walls in the weak direction.
    3. Lintel band also provides support to chhajja, and sill band support the load of the window frame.
    4. During an earthquake, bands sustain the shaking and hence minimize damage to load-bearing masonry building.
    5. They provide ductility and crack proof masonry building, as masonry buildings are as such brittle structure.
    Horizontal seismic RCC bands in load bearing structure (Masonry Building) are provided to improve their performance. Even if horizontal bands are provided, masonry buildings are weakened by the openings in their walls hence it is advisable to provide vertical reinforcement at side or corner of opening for better performance of the building.

TOP 10 FASHION DESIGNERS IN INDIA

TOP 10 FASHION DESIGNERS IN INDIA

1.)  MANISH MALHOTRA


The famous Indian designer started his career as a model. When he failed as a model, he streamlined himself into designing clothes, art and fashion. He started his fashion career in Bollywood films and his designs were influential in bringing the fashion design industry in the spotlight. So it’s no surprise that he tops the list!

He also won best costume designer award in the years 1999, 2002, 2005 & 2007. Also, he was the one who paved way for many other designers and was an inspiration for designers to get into the Indian fashion weeks.

He is best known for revamping traditional wear designs to modern looks. Intricate embroideries, unique western-inspired trends like off shoulder blouses or floor-length ponchos are some of his signature styles. To know more read Manish Malhotra: All You Need to Know About India’s Favorite Designer.

Designer :-                                                                                         Manish Malhotra
Social media following                                                                    9.5 million
Started designing in                                                                         1995
Shopping on official website                                                          Yes
Approx max. price                                                                            7.6 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                                                           Yes
Number of Indian outlets                                                                15
Number of International outlets                                                    5
Men/Women                                                                                     Both
SlubScore                                                                                           15851

2.)  ROHIT BAL

He is well known for his keen interest in designing as an art form. Also, his attention to detail is something that is worth mentioning! If someone wanted to get a gist of contemporary Indian fashion, they just need to look at Rohit Bal’s beautiful couture collections.
Born in Srinagar, this designer has started designing since 1990 and launched his label in the same year. He has held fashion shows in Paris, New York, Singapore, Geneva and all the major cities of India.
He has collabarated with many Indian and international brands like Christian Louboutin, Kirtilal Jewellers, Zippo Lighters and very recently with international textile company, Reid & Taylor.

Designer                                                                            Rohit Bal
Social media following                                                   4.25 LACKS
Started designing in                                                        1990
Shopping on official website                                         Yes
Approx max. price                                                           14.5 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                                          Yes
Number of Indian outlets                                               12
Number of International outlets                                   1
Men/Women                                                                     Both
SlubScore                                                                            15500

3.)  ANITA DONGRE

Indian culture, heritage and craftsmanship have always been an inspiration for the designer. In 2008, she received an award for Excellence in Fashion Design. Her designs are available under four different brands, namely Anita Dongre, Anita Dongre Grassroot, AND and Global Desi.

Out of these, Anita Dongre brand caters to bridal and menswear, Anita Dongre Grassroot for organic clothes, AND for western wear and Global Desi for ethnic lovers. With 13 stores in India and 2 international stores, of which one was opened recently in SoHo, the fashion designer is all set to make a benchmark in the world of designing.

Anita Dongre has an immense interest in Indian culture. She loves working with Indian handloom, textile weaves and eco-friendly textiles.

Designer                                                                 Anita Dongre
Social media following                                        3.24 LACKS
Started designing in                                             1992
Shopping on official website                              Yes
Approx max. price                                                 8.4 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                               Yes
Number of Indian outlets                                    14
Number of International outlets                        2
Men/Women                                                          Both
SlubScore                                                                10086

4.)  SABYASACHI MUKHERJEE

Kolkata based designer, Sabyasachi started designing in 1999 and his roots and heritage have always heavily influenced his designs. Traditional and Indian is his forté and he gets his inspiration for the scenic views and backdrops of Kolkata. Not only traditional but he has a good insight into western culture too and that’s the reason he has collaborated with Christian Louboutin to create embroidered Louboutin shoes.
In one of his interviews, Sabyasachi described his style as ‘personalized imperfection of the human hand’. Within 3 years of his label started, he was awarded the outstanding young designer by Femina British council. In 2002, he showcased at India Fashion Week and later, he also participated in many international fashion weeks like Mercedes Benz fashion week, Kuala Lumpur and Miami fashion weeks.
He has 18 stores in India and 6 international stores. He designs for both men and women and apart from the clothing, he designs accessories too! Personally, I am a huge fan of his embroidered capsule clutches.
Designer                                                         Sabyasachi Mukherjee
Social media following                                4.1 LACKS
Started designing in                                     1998
Shopping on official website                      YES
Approx max. price                                        3.5 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                      Yes
Number of Indian outlets                           20
Number of International outlets               7
Men/Women                                                 Both
SlubScore                                                        9131.5

5.)  GAURAV GUPTA

The Delhi based designer has an impeccable take on designing three-dimensional silhouettes. He is well known for creating a fusion of outfits. In most of his collections, western silhouettes take a modern twist on haute couture. His collections also feature the usage of softest fabrics like chiffon, georgette organza and silk.
However, our previous reviews on his collection have been more on the harsher side, since some were notably similar to Paris Fashion Week looks. With over 600k followers on social media, this designer is surely one of the top fashion designers in India.
He started his career in 2006 and ever since then there’s been no looking back for the designer. He had designed for many celebrities and has stores all over the world.

Designer                                                            Gaurav Gupta
Social media following                                  5.25 LACKS
Started designing in                                       2006
Shopping on official website                        YES
Approx max. price                                          3.5 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                         Yes
Number of Indian outlets                             20
Number of International outlets                 6
Men/Women                                                   Both
SlubScore                                                         5928

6.)  SHYAMAL & BHUMIKA

The duo started designing in 2001 and within a span of three years, they even started their own label. With millions of followers on social media and over 18 years of experience, these designers deserve to be on the list of top fashion designers in India. The Shyamal & Bhumika page on Facebook is one of the most loved designer label accounts with over 2 million followers!

Their affinity for fashion grew along with them. Infused with Indian inspirations, they use artisan techniques and are also passionately involved with the revival of several crafts. The designer duo are one of the newest in India to have made an indelible mark on Indian couture scene with their intricate designs.

Designer                                                                  Shyamal & Bhumika
Social media following                                         2191.2 K
Started designing in                                             2001
Shopping on official website                               Yes
Approx max. price                                                 3.1 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                               Yes
Number of Indian outlets                                    3
Number of International outlets                        0
Men/Women                                                          Both
SlubScore                                                                5661.2

7.)  VARUN BAHL

Varun Bahl makes it to our top fashion designers list. Since he is well known for creating style signatures and hence his clothes are fashionable and unique. His expertise in blending classic with contemporary created dreamy fairy tale outfits. He is also the one who has brought modern timeless touch to Indian bridal wear. Also, check out his “Vintage Gardens” collection, one of our personal favorites.
Starting from thousands to a maximum price of approximately five lakh rupees, you’ll find creative outfits designed by Varun Bahl. With over 17 years of experience and the way he has given a twist to Indian bridal wear, this designer certainly deserves to be in this list of the best Indian fashion designers.

Designer                                                           Varun Bahl
Social media following                                   93 K
Started designing in                                        2001
Shopping on official website                          No
Approx max. price                                            5.5 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                           Yes
Number of Indian outlets                                13
Number of International outlets                    1
Men/Women                                                      Both
SlubScore                                                            10086

8.)  NEETA LULLA

The first thing that comes to one’s mind when we hear the name Neeta Lulla is costume designer for films. I still remember the outfits worn by the gorgeous actresses of the epic movie Devdas. She was also known for designing outfits for period films like Mohenjadaro. She has won a couple of national awards for costume designing.
“Fashion is not constant, style is,” says Neeta Lulla in most of her interviews. She has always been a feminist and it is portrayed in most of her collections.
Designer                                                                            Neeta Lulla
Social media following                                                   5.22 LACKS
Started designing in                                                        1985
Shopping on official website                                          No
Approx max. price                                                            3.9 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                                          Yes
Number of Indian outlets                                               15
Number of International outlets                                   0
Men/Women                                                                     Both
SlubScore                                                                            5420.4

9.)  ANAMIKA KHANNA

The designer is well known for blending traditional Indian textile with western silhouettes. Her philosophy in designing is innovation in Indian style and keeping it extremely relevant to the modern world. She is also one of the first Indian women to showcase her designs in Paris Fashion Week. She is a designer who can help one find a personal style of their own.

Designer                                                                            Anamika Khanna
Social media following                                                   6.8 LACKS
Started designing in                                                        1998
Shopping on official website                                         No
Approx max. price                                                           2.1 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                                          Yes
Number of Indian outlets                                               18
Number of International outlets                                   3
Men/Women                                                                     Both
SlubScore                                                                            4231.9

10.)  RITU KUMAR

At 73, Ritu Kumar is one of the eldest Indian fashion designers. With a background in ancient history and museology, her understanding of ancient designs and traditional craftsmanship has created a new era of designing in India.
She is one of the top fashion designers who has bridged the gap between traditional and modern wear. Also, she is the one who bought the boutique culture in India. With more than 50 stores in India and a couple of them abroad, this designer surely deserves to be on the list of top fashion designers in India.

Designer                                                            Ritu Kumar
Social media following                                   849.5 K
Started designing in                                        1969
Shopping on official website                         Yes
Approx max. price                                           3 lakh rupees
Couture collections                                          Yes
Number of Indian outlets                               61
Number of International outlets                    1
Men/Women                                                    Both
SlubScore                                                           7215

 

WHAT IS FASHION DESIGNNING ,HOW TO BE A FASHION DESIGNER

Fashion design is a form of art dedicated to the creation of clothing and other lifestyle accessories. Modern fashion design is divided into two basic categories: haute couture and ready-to-wear. The haute couture collection is dedicated to certain customers and is custom sized to fit these customers exactly. In order to qualify as a haute couture house, a designer has to be part of the Syndical Chamber for Haute Couture and show a new collection twice a year presenting a minimum of 35 different outfits each time.

Ready-to-wear collections are standard sized, not custom made, so they are more suitable for large production runs. They are also split into two categories: designer/createur and confection collections. Designer collections have a higher quality and finish as well as an unique design. They often represent a certain philosophy and are created to make a statement rather than for sale. Both ready-to-wear and haute-couture collections are presented on international catwalks.

Who Invented It?

The first fashion designer who was more than a simple seamster was Charles Frederick Worth, in the 19th century. Before he set up his fashion design house in Paris, clothing was made by anonymous dressmakers and fashion standards were derived from the styles worn by royalty. Worth was the first designer to actually dictate to his customers what to wear rather than following their demands.

His fashion house became so famous that people were able to attach a face and a name to designs when they knew they were from the House of Worth. This was the beginning of the tradition to have a designer of a house not only create clothing, but also represent the symbol of the brand.

What Does It Take To Be A Fashion Designer?

Fashion design is a form of art. To work as a designer, you should have an artistic and creative personality. You also have to be good at drawing and able to express your ideas in sketches. You don’t necessarily have to be a great artist, but you must have some special skills for combining colors, tones and shades. You also have to be able to work with fabric and use textiles in a creative and original manner. Fashion designers have a good visual imagination and are able to think in three-dimensions and put their ideas into garments.

Fashion designers have to be aware of the fashion market requirements. They have to be very interested in learning new things and read magazines, journals and books on fashion design history and new trends. They also have to be interested in art, visit art galleries and interact with all kinds of artists whenever they have the opportunity. A designer should also have some knowledge and experience of tailoring (cutting, draping, sewing etc.) and be able to tell the difference between different fabric quality levels.

A good understanding of the audience’s lifestyle and customer needs and requirements is also needed in fashion design. Designers should have good communication skills and be able to express their ideas clearly. But most important, they have to be very original and have fresh, innovative ideas.

WHAT IS UPVC DOOR , FEATURES & TYPES OF UPVC DOOR & WINDOWS

UPVC stands for Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride. It is a form of plastic that is hard and inflexible, which is why it is also known as rigid PVC. Benefits of uPVC Doors and Windows. The reason behind uPVC’s popularity among both homeowners and designers is because of the benefits that it provides.

We operate several doors and windows daily but seldom think about them. Well, how many times have we opened and closed doors and windows without putting much thought into the technological advancement that resulted in the design of the modern hinge, the ergonomic care that went into developing the door handle, or the exceptional accuracy with which the door was hung? Yet, these elemental components form a vital part of every building, commercial or residential, and hence must be chosen wisely. A building material that has become popular in the fenestration industry in recent years is uPVC – one of the oldest polymers in existence.

UPVC stands for Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride. It is a form of plastic that is hard and inflexible, which is why it is also known as rigid PVC.

Benefits of uPVC Doors and Windows

The reason behind uPVC’s popularity among both homeowners and designers is because of the benefits that it provides. Given below are some of them.

Easy to Maintain

uPVC doesn’t rot, flake, peel or corrode even after years of usage. All it requires is a gentle wipe with a clean cloth dipped in a solution of household cleaner and water to clean and maintain the freshness of uPVC door windows. The fact that it practically requires no maintenance makes uPVC doors and windows a convenient addition to your space.

Thermal and Acoustic-Insulation

uPVC door windows, when paired with double-glazed glass, can provide excellent thermal insulation and can keep your home warmer during the winter months and cooler during the summers. Along with this, double-glazing glass paired with uPVC door windows can also insulate against outside noise. Outside noise can be a huge issue, especially if you live near a busy street, which is why uPVC door windows with double-glazed glass become an important addition to your home.

Energy-Efficient and Eco-Friendly

By installing low-E or low-emissivity glass panes sealed with special silicone sealants in your uPVC door windows, you will be able to create an energy-saving zone. Low-E glass is a double-glazed glass that reflects the sun’s heat away during summers and can trap interior heat during winters. This will ensure ideal indoor temperature and can reduce your usage of heating and cooling systems. This will, in turn, lead to reduced monthly energy bills. This will also stay protected against the harmful rays of the sun. Along with being a more energy-efficient choice, uPVC is also intrinsically non-toxic, making it an environment-conscious decision.

Durable

As uPVC is a highly durable material, it allows for the construction of doors and windows that are long-lasting. It is dust-proof, termite-proof, moisture, and weather-resistant. uPVC can also protect you and your loved ones from harmful UV rays of the sun. As a result, they stand the test of time and usage without losing their charm.

Provides Security

UPVC door window designs generally come with multi-point locking systems that render a high level of security to your property. Moreover, uPVC doors have galvanized steel cores, which are very difficult to break, thereby adding another layer of protection.

UPVC door windows are available in a wide range of styles and designs, making them the perfect pick for your home or office.

Types of UPVC Doors

Slide-and -Fold Doors

uPVC Slide-and-Fold doors are your best pick if you want to install them in a large open area. These doors have a simple structure and are extremely easy to operate. The best part of Slide-and-Fold doors is that they can be folded to one side to save space and to offer an unobstructed view of the outdoors.

Sliding Doors

UPVC Sliding doors are the most popular doors in the market. As one glass pane slides over the other along a track, Sliding doors don’t take up much space. If you want to have an unobstructed outside view, then these doors are your best choice as they are made up of large glass panes.

French Doors

UPVC French doors are hinged on the sides and can open either inwards or outwards. They are the most secure form of doors as there is only one opening handle on the inside. French doors are known for their visually-pleasing designs, and their addition will add old-school Renaissance charm to your property.

Casement Doors

UPVC Casement doors are hinged from the side and have a single sash. They can be designed to open inwards or outwards. These doors are the perfect addition to your patio, balcony, or deck.

Lift-and-Sliding Doors

UPVC Lift-and-Sliding doors are designed to create expansive glass walls. You can operate these doors efficiently because of the smooth sliding panels. They can slide into a wall pocket, against a jamb, or along an outside wall. As these doors look like glass walls, they will provide you with the best view of your garden or backyard.

Types of uPVC Windows

Sliding Windows

UPVC Sliding windows consists of frames that can slide back and forth. These windows work best in rooms with limited space.

Tilt-and-Turn Windows

UPVC tilt-and-turn windows blend smart aesthetics with intelligent operability perfectly. If you opt for these windows, you have the flexibility of using them as a source of ventilation by opening them inwards at an angle or using them as a standard window by swinging the complete sash inwards.

Fixed Windows

Also known as Picture Windows, uPVC fixed windows are usually used to frame the outside view. These windows don’t have any moving parts and are fixed. The primary function of these windows is to allow an ample amount of sunlight to enter your home. They are the perfect addition to your kitchen and living spaces.

Glass-to-Glass Windows

Also known as glass corner windows, uPVC Glass-to-glass windows are one of the most aesthetically appealing windows. These windows are designed to create a sense of space. They add a modern look to your interiors and offer a panoramic view of the outdoors.

Casement Windows

UPVC casement windows are attached to their frame by one or more hinges at the side. They are the most traditional style of windows available in the market. There are different stylistic variations of casement windows such as French windows, Twin sash windows, Side Hung windows, Top hung windows, etc.

Looking for experts that can help you with top-quality uPVC door windows solutions? Look no further than AIS Windows. As a subsidiary to Asahi India Glass Limited, we at AIS Windows provide 360-degree doors and windows solutions for residential and commercial purposes. Our experts will guide you from the stage of selection to the installation process and will also offer post-installation services. We offer a variety of innovative and elegant uPVC door windows designs. Not only this, but with us, you can also get our designs customised to match your taste, theme, and preference.

 

TECHNIQUES TO DESIGN A GOOD KITCHEN. HOW WE DESIGN A GOOD KITCHEN AND TYPES OF KITCHEN

Anyone who cooks will tell you how critical good kitchen design ideas are. It is not enough for things to look nice; they need to be functional and convenient too, especially in the kitchen. If you look online for kitchen ideas or a kitchen layout, you will find thousands of options, but you need an expert who will guide you and help you select a kitchen design or kitchen layout that will match your needs, your space and your home! According to NoBroker Interior’s Design experts, here are 12 kitchen design tips when you are renovating your kitchen or selecting a new kitchen design idea for your home.
The 12 Best Kitchen Design Tips to Renovate Your Kitchen in

1. Eliminate Wasted Steps

When you are planning a kitchen Idea, you need to find the right place for the stove, sink, cabinets and more. The aim is to have as many things as possible at arm’s reach so that you don’t walk around the kitchen for everything that you need. The prepping area, the cooking sections, the washing section, and the storage section all need to be planned carefully. You can even ask the NoBroker Interior Experts, they will help with this and even give you ways to design your kitchen according to Vastu.

2. Design Wide Walkways

The kitchen is one of the most used rooms in the house. You’re in there to cook breakfast, lunch and dinner. You will also find all members of the family coming in to see what’s cooking, or to get some food, or to cook something too! When this room is used so much and has to accommodate so many people you need to design your kitchen with wide walkways so that people can walk freely, without bumping into things or people.

3. Keep the Corners Clear

When you think of space management, it’s very tempting to utilize all the space you have, including the corners. The experts suggest otherwise, especially for your kitchen. Having storage in the corners reduces the space you have in your walkways, if you use it on the countertop, then you will find it hard to keep clean as well. This is why it’s best to keep the corners in your kitchen clear.

4. Find the Right Height

For your stove, sink, and microwave, the height of your countertop is very important. In most homes, they pick a random height to make the counter. When you are doing your kitchen interior design, you can change the height of the counter so that accessing the stove, sink and microwave is easy for you. When you hire NoBroker Interiors to design your kitchen, they will find the right height for each object and place it so it is more convenient for you.

5. Determine the Kitchen Island’s Function

If you look at any modern kitchen interior design, you’ll see that they have a kitchen island. This is nothing but a small counter that is in the middle of the kitchen. This makes cooking a little more convenient as it is centrally placed, you don’t have to walk around the kitchen for things, and you can place it on the counter to make things easier. But, you need to decide what you want to do at the kitchen island, do you want to use it as a prep station, a cooking station, or a washing station, then you can design the island for that particular function.

6. Plan Landing Space

Landing space is critical, this is needed for cooks to place food items or cookware, hot off the stove or to clean up. These open countertop spaces called “landing areas” are required near the sink and near the stove, if you have a bigger kitchen, then you can have more landing space. But for small kitchens, use kitchen space savers to create extra space in your kitchen. Expert interior kitchen designers will tell you that you need a minimum of 12-15 inches of landing space on either side of the stove and 18-24 inches of landing space by the sink.

7. Consider the Kitchen Countertops

Apart from the height of the countertops, you also need to consider the different materials used to make your countertop. You can choose granite, marble, quartz, ceramic, cement and so on. You need to be careful choosing this as each material has its own pros and cons. An experienced designer will be able to suggest something based on your usage and requirement.

8. Arrange the Range

When you are designing the interiors for your kitchen, you need to keep in mind what type of cooking range you want to have. Do you want a regular stove? A range oven, a Stacked double oven, a single oven and son on. Depending on the choice you make, the kitchen needs to be designed. If you put a stove on top of the counter, then you need to keep in mind stove height and counter height, if you have a standalone range, then you will need a gap between the counter for the range to fit it.

9. Cut Cleaning Time

I think it’s safe to say that cleaning is not fun! And when you cook, there is so much cleaning that needs to happen. You clean your veggies, you clean your dishes, you clean your stove, you clean your countertop, you clean the cabinets and you clean the floor and everything in between. This is why, when you’re designing your kitchen, you need to plan the décor and materials used so that you can cut down the time you spend on cleaning. Some materials are easier to clean, some stain easier, some melt with too much heat, some show dirt, some hidden dirt and so on, an expert designer will choose materials and design your kitchen to eliminate these problems. Read more about Kitchen cleaning from here.

10. Break up Cabinetry Blocks

Many armature designers think it’s a good idea to have all your cabinets together, it might look neater, but it’s not functional, especially in your kitchen. Cabinets need to be broken up and used wherever space is available. You need to have cabinets for your groceries, masala dabbas, cutlery, crockery, cookers, and large appliances like toasters, mixers and so on. They need to be spread out so that you can access what you need at each stage of cooking, and it helps your kitchen look better.

11. Use Light Colours in Small Kitchens

Did you know that colour plays a part in how we act, our moods and emotions and even how much we eat?! Since it plays such a huge role in our daily lives. That’s why we should choose the combination of kitchen colour wisely. In most Indian kitchens we prefer using dark colours, dark colours don’t stain easily and require less maintenance. However, dark colours are not a good idea in small kitchens, they make the space look dull, dark, and smaller. If you use a lighter colour, you’ll notice that the kitchen instantly looks larger and a little brighter and more welcoming.

12. Find a Focal Point

When you design your kitchen interiors you need to design them so that there is a focal point in the kitchen. The most common kitchen focal points include the stove, backsplash, and chimney/hood, but it can also be the sink, island, or window. If you have a large kitchen, you can have more than one focal point. Without a focal point, your kitchen will look boring and bland.
Island Kitchen: With interior kitchen design ideas becoming one of the latest design trends, an island kitchen is a perfect choice if you have a big space for your kitchen. As the name suggests, the kitchen is shaped like an island with the entire space being taken by modern, functional amenities.


Parallel Kitchen: Parallel Kitchen is a trending modern small kitchen idea that utilises space by placing two countertops parallel to each other. This allows your small kitchen ideas to be less claustrophobic and have a free flow of light.


Straight Kitchen: A straight kitchen design is a simple kitchen interior design idea that has just a single countertop in a Small Kitchen. It’s a perfect choice if you have a small space and want to try a simple yet colourful kitchen idea.


L-Shape Kitchen: The L-shaped Kitchen has the countertops placed together to form an L. It is a good choice for a small kitchen interior design as it will help you keep the space clutter-free.


U-Shape Kitchen: The countertops of a U-shaped kitchen design idea are placed in three lines adjacent to each other to form a U.


Open Kitchen: An open choice is a popular choice in kitchen interior design especially small kitchen interior design as it easily blends with the rest of the house. The Kitchen is kept open with all functional amenities placed inside the space.


Galley Kitchen: A kitchen design idea with two rows of cabinets placed facing each other supported by a narrow walkway. This design is mostly preferred in professional kitchens.
If you need more kitchen design tips or ideas, just Contact No Broker Interior Designers By clicking below, we’ll help you with your kitchen remodel or new home kitchen design so that you have a stunning kitchen that is functional and beautiful. You can also leave us a comment below and we will get in touch with you.Enhance your galley kitchen with white interiors – Beautiful Homes

WHAT IS KITCHEN DESIGN ? CONCEPT OF KITCHEN DESIGN

Effective kitchen design is the process of combining layout, surfaces, appliances and design details to form a cooking space that’s easy to use and fun to cook and socialise in.The world of effective kitchen design is a maze of design ideas, guides and tips – and a seemingly endless stream of expert advice. Where do you begin? To navigate this culinary landscape, we’ve compiled a transformative starting point help guide you. From determining your needs to installing your work surfaces, our guide below will help you on your way to designing a dream kitchen that’s every bit as beautiful as it is practical.

Full Renovation or Modest Update?

First things first. Before you start planning your brand new kitchen on Pinterest, you first need to decide what your needs are. Do you want to simply give your kitchen a facelift, or start completely fresh? Budget, of course, will be a big determining factor. But you should also decide which elements (if any) you like in your kitchen – and would like to keep. If your kitchen layout works for example, why change it? It’s best to focus on areas in need of attention – replacing those rickety cabinets or updating the worktop can completely transform your space.Increasing storage is typically the main objective of kitchen planning.

Also consider your long-term plans. Updating a kitchen if you’re planning on moving might not add as much value as you think. Many new buyers want to add their own style to their kitchens, and might not like your red-tile kitchen backsplash idea as much as you do.

The Full Kitchen Renovation

If you do want an entirely new kitchen, there are many things to consider. To help you determine your needs, ask yourself these questions:

How can you keep the distance between your main work stations as short as possible? Most efficient kitchen layouts harness the power of the triangle.
Where do you need the most worktop space? Next to the stove and oven, or closer to your serving area?
What are your storage needs? Take a look at how much you need now and plan accordingly. Small kitchens require more thought and clever ideas.
Are you a dinner party person? Do you have kids? Consider whether you need space for a table or bar for someone to sit and talk to you while cooking.
Where do you want to store the appliances and utensils that you use most?
Are you a gadget person? Do you want your tools stored away or out for quick use?
What appliances are non-negotiables? Do you require a double-door fridge or gas stove? These decisions will affect your layout.
Giving some thought about how you use your current kitchen will help you plan your new one. It’s the safest way to ensure that your daily needs aren’t overlooked.

Light

Now you’ll want to consider the constraints of your space. Where are the doors? Where are the windows? What about the electrical outlets? These considerations will make a big difference to your kitchen layout. How to design your kitchen layout? Often, your space will determine the kitchen layout for you – but make sure to familiarise yourself the most popular ones before making any decisions.

The Modest Kitchen Update

When money’s tight, or you simply don’t need a full-scale kitchen remodel, there are thousands of design ideas can make an impact in your kitchen – without costing you an arm and a leg. To get you started, consider these options when planning your kitchen update:

Paint – a fresh coat of paint is by far the simplest, most impactful refresh you can make in your kitchen. It’s easy to DIY and an excellent way to add personality and colour to your kitchen.
Update your worktops and cabinet doors – many building suppliers and home department stores offer new kitchen cabinet doors and work surfaces – at a fraction of the price of a new one. Get started by discovering the modern surfaces and materials designers use today.
Lighting – good lighting can go a long way to transforming your kitchen. Spotlights or under-counter lighting adds a futuristic touch, while classic choices like pendant lights bring a more homely feeling to your space. Consider the mood you’re going for.
Flooring – old vinyl floors have no place in anyone’s kitchen. If your floor weathered and mucky, replacing it could lift the room dramatically. Natural materials lie stone and hardwood are more expensive, but could make a huge difference.

Origins of Interior Design

Origins of interior design

The art of interior design encompasses all of the fixed and movable ornamental objects that form an integral part of the inside of any human habitation. It is essential to remember that much of what today is classified as art and exhibited in galleries and museums was originally used to furnish interiors. Paintings were usually ordered by size and frequently by subject from a painter who often practiced other forms of art, including furniture design and decoration. Sculptors in stone or bronze were often goldsmiths who did a variety of ornamental metalwork. The more important artists had studios with assistants and apprentices and often signed cooperative work. Many architects also designed interiors, including the accessories—furniture, pottery, porcelain, silver, rugs, and tapestries. Paintings often took the form of cabinet pictures, framed to be hung on a wall in a particular position, such as over a door. Murals were painted on a diversity of subjects; during the period of the Baroque style in the 17th century, murals sometimes were painted to look like an extension of the interior itself, making it appear more spacious. Mirrors were employed for the same purpose of adding space to an interior.

The deliberate use of antiques as decoration was unusual in most periods. Generally, in older houses elements of the previous decorative scheme were relegated to less important rooms when new decoration was undertaken to bring an old interior into line with current fashion. In this way many antiques have been preserved. The art market has existed from the earliest times for the purpose of providing both new and antique works for the decoration of interiors, but in early times the market in old work was usually limited to paintings by admired masters and goldsmith’s work.

Only within the recent historic past have any interiors but those belonging to the rich and powerful been considered worthy of consideration. Still more recent is the collection of the interior furnishings of the past by museums and galleries, where they are studied in scholarly isolation. The segregation of such objects in galleries, however, has led to an increasing misunderstanding of their original purpose; and the division of the arts by museum curators into the fine arts and the decorative (or industrial) arts has helped to obscure the original functions of interior furnishings.

To some extent the present attitude has resulted from the rise of the specialist collector since the 1840s. Porcelain and silver, for instance, no longer fulfill their original purpose as part of the household furnishings but are collected into cabinets, since they are so precious. Similarly, the small porcelain figures of Meissen, which were originally part of a table decoration and an integral part of a service, are now too highly valued to be so used.

The notion of interior design historically has arisen as part of a settled agricultural way of life. The tents of nomadic peoples were hardly suitable for the more permanent forms of decoration. Among Central Asian nomads, however, carpets and rugs have been employed to decorate and provide comfort in tents and portable dwellings, usually taking the form of coverings for floor and bed, and these have been the principal form of art of the peoples concerned. The oldest nomadic carpet, found in Central Mongolia, dates to the 5th century BC, but geometrically patterned stone reliefs from Assyria in the 7th century BC are thought to be based on earlier carpet patterns.

Hunting peoples living in caves decorated the walls with paintings as early as 20,000 years ago, but these were almost certainly votive paintings rather than decoration, and no trace of movable furniture has survived.

Primitive peoples

Although the practices of present-day primitive peoples sometimes shed light on the historical origins of those practices, there is too little art and decoration in such communities today to illuminate the beginnings of interior decoration. No clear-cut progressions of styles, like those that occurred in Europe, can be identified except among peoples who could hardly be regarded as primitive, such as the former civilizations of South America or the Benin culture of Africa. Nevertheless, even the poorest and most primitive peoples devote some time to the production of works that give them pleasure, and these works often are employed to decorate interiors. Primitive painting often consists of a series of abstract patterns, such as that on the pottery of the Pueblo Indians. Furniture, such as wooden stools, usually has some ornamental carving. Basketwork, wooden vessels, and pottery are decorated with abstract geometrical patterns, and an insistence on symmetry is the rule. Since most of these patterns—especially those to be found in basketry and textiles—bear no resemblance to natural forms, they probably arose from the nature of the techniques employed in making the objects in question.

Ornament based on natural objects more or less realistically depicted probably had a magical connotation; animals, for instance, are intended to promote success in hunting. Even the most abstract and geometric of motifs have a symbolic meaning, which can be interpreted by those who know the key, and this meaning is almost always magical. There are few objects or motifs that do not have some meaning, and the making of objects that have no other purpose than the pleasure taken by their creator in executing them is very rare.

Origins in Western antiquity
Excavations in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt suggest that the earliest equivalent of furniture consisted of platforms of bricks, which served as chairs, tables, and beds, no doubt spread with textiles or animal skins. There is also good reason to think that walls were painted and, in the case of more important buildings, decorated with mural paintings. Movable furniture first occurred only in the most important residences, such as palaces, and in public buildings. Furniture is of considerable antiquity, though it is known, for the most part, only from wall paintings, sculpture, and vase paintings. Some furniture survives from ancient Egyptian tombs from about 3000 BC in the form of beds, chairs, tables, and storage chests. It is in such furniture that decoration is first seen—in the leg of the bull and the lion employed as a furniture support, especially for beds. It is from this point in the ancient past that the development of interior design can be traced historically.