What is Rebaring ?
Steel reinforcement bars or rebars are used to improve the tensile strength of the concrete, since concrete is very weak in tension, but is strong in compression. Steel is only used as rebar because elongation of steel due to high temperatures (thermal expansion coefficient) nearly equals to that of concrete.
Rebaring is the method of insertion of the Steel bars when,
there is change in design or there is some extension of the present structure.When Steel rod as per drawing has not been installed.
Rebaring technique is reinforced concrete construction is a method for proper fabrication and placement of reinforcement bar as per the design and drawing of RCC work.
2) Need of Rebaring
The rebars are mainly provided at the junction where the formwork of structural element is closed as well as at the point where a new structural element needs to be bond with the former one.Change in the design and sudden extension in structure.Steel bars are not placed according to as per design.
Various conditions that rebaring process and equipment are changed.rebaring technique in reinforced concrete construction.Rebaring technique on a Pre-casted structure.
3) Process of rebaring in reinforced concrete construction.
The three main operations carried out in rebaring for reinforced concrete construction bars are cutting, bending, tying.
The diameter of reinforcement bars used reinforced concrete works mainly ranges from 6 to 42 mm these reinforcement bars comes from the Steel mills in specified lengths.
So during installation the reinforcement bars must be cut into required size.
The design engineer show the details about the bar bending and related work based on which the workers proceed the work.
4) Equipments used for rebaring techniques.
The equipments that is used for Rebaring operation is developed with the time as the size of Bar is increases. large size of bars are difficult to be handled by hand operation.
The uses of chisel and hammer was an early effect is used for bar bending.
Grades of Rebar in Different Codes
Table 1: Grades of Rebar in Different Codes
| American Standard (ASTM A 615) | Euro Standard(DIN 488) | British Standard BS4449: 1997 | Indian Standard (IS: 1786) |
| Grade 75 (520) | BST 500 S | GR 460 A | Grade Fe – 415, Fe – 500, Fe – 500D |
| Grade 80 (550) | BST 500 M | GR 460 B | Grade Fe – 550 |
Types of Steel Reinforcement Bars
Major types of steel bars used in the construction are as follows,
1. Mild Steel Bar
The surface of the mild steel bars are plain and round in shape. They are available in various sizes of 6 mm to 50 mm. They are used in concrete for special purposes, such as dowels at expansion joints, where bars must slide in a metal or paper sleeve, for contraction joints in roads and runways, and for column spirals. They are easy to cut and bend without damage.
Grades in mild steel bars
- Mild steel bars grade-I designated as Fe 410-S or Grade 60.
- Mild steel bars grade-II designated as Fe-410-o or Grade 40.
2. Medium Tensile Steel Bars designated as Fe- 540-w-ht or Grade 75.
Physical Requirement of Mild Steel Bars
Table 2:Physical Requirement of Mild Steel Bars
| Types of Nominal size of bar | Ultimate Tensile Stress in N/mm2 | Yield Stress N/mm2 | Elongation Percentage min |
| Mild Steel Grade I or Grade 60 | |||
| For Bars upto 20mm | 410 | 250 | 23 |
| For Bars above 20mm upto 50mm | 410 | 240 | 23 |
| Mild Steel Grade II or Grade 40 | |||
| For Bars upto 20mm | 370 | 225 | 23 |
| For Bars above 20mm upto 50mm | 370 | 215 | 23 |
| Medium Tensile Steel Grade -75 | |||
| For Bars upto 16mm | 540 | 350 | 20 |
| For Bars above 16mm upto 32mm | 540 | 340 | 20 |
| For Bars above 32mm upto 50mm | 510 | 330 | 20 |
2. Deformed Steel Bar
Types of Deformed Steel Bars
1. TMT Bars (Thermo Mechanically Treated Bars)
Characteristics of TMT Rebars
- Better ductility and malleability
- High yield strength and toughness
- More bonding strength
- Earthquake resistance
- Corrosion resistance
- High thermal resistance
- Economical and safe in use
- No loss in strength at welded joints
- Ordinary electrodes used for welding the joints
2. High Strength Deformed Bars
High strength deformed bars are cold twisted steel bars with lugs, ribs, projection or deformation on the surface. It the extensively and majorly used for reinforcement purposes in a construction. These bars are produced in sizes or sections from 4 mm to 50 mm in diameter.
Characteristics of HSD Rebar
- Low carbon value – HSD Bars have lower carbon level, resulting in good ductility, strength and welding ability.
- Superior bonding strength – HSD bars are well known for their excellent bonding strength when used with concrete.
- Welding capability – Since these bars have lower carbon content, they have 100% welding capability than conventional bars.
- High tensile strength – HSD bars feature high tensile strength. They offer great asset in construction process, where a lot of bending and re bending is required.
- Wide application range – These bars have wide application range like in building residential, commercial and industrial structures, bridges, etc.
- Satisfactorily malleability – Minimum weight and maximum strength and suitable for both compression and tension reinforcement.
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3. Other Types of Rebars
Depending upon the type of material used in the production of rebar, different types of rebars are1. European Rebar
European rebar is made of manganese, which makes them bend easily. They’re not suitable for use in areas that are prone to extreme weather conditions or geological effects, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or tornadoes. The cost of this rebar is low.
2. Carbon Steel Rebar
As the name represents, it is made up of carbon steel and is commonly known as Black Bar due to carbon colour. The main drawback of this rebar is that it corrodes, which adversely effect the concrete and structure. The tensile strength ratio coupled with the value makes black rebar one of the best choices.
3. Epoxy-Coated Rebar
Epoxy-coated rebar is black rebar with an epoxy coat. It has the same tensile strength, but is 70 to 1,700 times more resistant to corrosion. However, the epoxy coating is incredibly delicate. The greater the damage to the coating, the less resistant to corrosion.
4. Galvanized Rebar
Galvanized rebar is only forty times more resistant to corrosion than black rebar, but it is more difficult to damage the coating of galvanized rebar. In that respect, it has more value than epoxy-coated rebar. However, it is about 40% more expensive than epoxy-coated rebar.
5. Glass-Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer (GFRP)
GFRP is made up of carbon fibre. As it is made up of fibre, bending is not allowed. It is very resistant to corrosion and is costly when compared to other rebars.
6. Stainless Steel Rebar
Stainless steel rebar is the most expensive reinforcing bar available, about eight times the price of epoxy-coated rebar. It is also the best rebar available for most projects. However, using stainless steel in all but the most unique of circumstances is often overkill. But, for those who have a reason to use it, stainless steel rebar 1,500 times more resistant to corrosion than black bar; it is more resistant to damage than any of the other corrosive-resistant or corrosive-proof types or rebar; and it can be bent in the field.
REFERENCE TAKEN FROM https://theconstructor.org/ https://www.sainkaconstructions.com
